Medical Tourism

What is infertility ?

Infertility refers to the inability to naturally conceive a child. It is a problem where a couple faces problems in conceiving, after a year of regular sexual intercourse without using any birth control methods. This problem may be in either man or woman, or both. It also refers to a condition of a woman when she is unable to carry a pregnancy to its full term.

Causes of Infertility

In a normal reproduction process proper interaction between the female and male reproductive system is required. Following are the causes of infertility (both men and women):

• Sperm causes
• Ovulation problems
• Tubal causes

• Age-related factors
• Unexplained infertility

 Infertility Treatment Options

Ovulation induction

It is considered when the female has irregular ovulation. Medication is started for regulating the ovulation cycle and improving the egg quality. Commonly used are Clomiphene Citrate, HMG, purified and recombinant FSH.

IUI (Intra Uterine Insemination): A method where processed semen is placed directly in the uterus with the help of a catheter.

IVF (Invitro Fertilization): IVF is the fertilization of an ovum outside the body and then transferringe fertilized ovum (embryo) into the uterus.

ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection): In this process, a single sperm is injected into the cytoplasm of an egg for fertilization.

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration): A surgical sperm harvesting technique.

Embryo Freezing Excess (Surplus): Embryos are Cryo-preserved at ultra low temperatures for years to be used subsequently.

Assisted Hatching: A process of promoting hatching or implantation of embryos, unable to escape intact from the zona pellucida.

Semen/Sperm freezing: Semen/Sperm are stored frozen at ultra low temperatures for long duration, useful in various conditions.

Types of Infertility

Following are the types of Infertility:

Primary Infertility: - It is that condition where a couple has not conceived a pregnancy after at least a year of unprotected intercourse.

Secondary Infertility: - It is a condition where the couple has conceived or carried a pregnancy to term after naturally successfully conceiving one or more children.

Sub-fertility: - Here infertility that is complete, that is, there are chances of pregnancy, but these chances get reduced each month. It is a state of a less than normal capacity for reproduction.

Male Infertility: - It is a condition of infertility in males that refers to the absence of healthy sperms in the semen in order to meet ovum.

Female Infertility: - It is a state of infertility in females. It is important that all the reproductive organs in a female are in a perfect shape.

Orthopedics Surgery in India

Orthopedic Surgery is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.

The word Orthopedics comes from two Greek words, ortho, meaning straight and pais, meaning child. Originally, orthopedic surgeons dealt with bone deformities in children, using braces to straighten the child's bones. With the development of anesthesia and an understanding of the importance of aseptic methods in surgery, orthopedic surgeons extended their role to include surgery involving the bones and related nerves and connective tissue.

Orthopedic sometimes spelled orthopaedic surgery is surgery performed by a medical specialist, such as an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon, trained to deal with problems that develop in the bones, joints, and ligaments of the human body.

Some of the conditions and diseases an orthopaedic surgeon treats include:

• Abnormalities of the fingers and toes.
• Back pain, ruptured disks, sciatica and scoliosis.
• Bone tumors, muscular dystrophy and cerebral palsy.
• Club foot, bunions, bow legs, knock knees and unequal leg length.
• Fractures and dislocations.
• Growth abnormalities.

• Osteoarthritis.
• Osteoporosis.
• Rheumatoid arthritis.
• Sports or work-related injuries.
• Tendon injuries, pulled muscles, bursitis and torn cartilage.
• Torn ligaments, sprains and strains.

Oncology Treatment in India

Oncology is a special branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of cancer. The term oncology originates from the Greek word onkos meaning bulk or tumor.

Oncology mainly deals with the diagnosis of cancer, therapy which includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and others.

The most significant diagnostic tool used in the study of oncology is medical history. It includes specific symptoms experienced by the patient and nature of complaint. Other diagnostic tools are

Biopsy - a medical test which involves removal of cells or tissues from possible area of malignancy for microscopic examination

Endoscopy - This involves internal examination of the patient's body by inserting a small scope to view the lesion.

X-Ray, CT scan, Ultrasound - These are radiological techniques used to examine the patient.

Blood Tests - Pathological examination like blood tests is a common technique to diagnose cancer.

Scintigraphy, Positron emission tomography - These are methods of nuclear medicine used to diagnose cancer.

Treatment of cancer depends on specific cases and the nature and extent of malignancy of the tumor. The most common methods of treatment are

Surgery - If the case permits, surgery or removal of the malignant portion of the body is removed.

Chemotherapy - It is the use of chemical substances to treat the disease. Often cytotoxic drugs are used for chemotherapy.

Radiotherapy - Ionizing radiation is used as a medical technique to cure and control the growth of malignant cells.

Hormone Manipulation - is mainly used in cases of breast and prostrate cancer

Vaccine - It is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to the disease.

To treat social problems like neglect and alienation, patients suffering from cancer or cured from cancer need palliative care. Physical problems that are associated with the treatment of cancer are pain, nausea, anorexia, fatigue and immobility.

Facilities in Hospitals

Oncology department has a special Tumour Board, comprising medical, surgical and radiation oncologists, and diagnostic consultants who provide comprehensive advice on the best course of treatment for patients. The department provides world-class cancer cure.